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This section should be cited as:

LITTLE, C. 2014. The Echinodermata of Lough Hyne, Co. Cork. In: Nunn, J.D. & Little, C. (eds) The Flora and Fauna of Lough Hyne Co. Cork. Available from http://www.ccmap.co.uk/index_lough_hyne.htm. Accessed [date viewed]

CL/CDT indicates unpublished records by Little & Trowbridge.


CLASS CRINOIDEA

Order Comatulida

Antedonidae
Antedon bifida (Pennant, 1777) Elegant feather star
Southerns Bay shore 2014, Rapids SE & E, Southerns 2017

Present on the south shore of the lough (Renouf, 1931d; Praeger, 1937). Recorded by Sloane et al.( 1961) at the top of the Rapids (Renouf’s Bay) and at the bottom (Nita’s Rock) among the algae Ulva and Codium. Recorded sublittorally from 6m downwards in the Laminaria forest at Carrigathorna (Norton et al., 1977). Pentacrinoid larvae, probably of this species, recorded by Sloane et al. (1961) in the algae Ulva, Codium, Chondrus, Corallina, Rhodymenia pseudopalmata and Polyneura in the Rapids and by Goss-Custard et al. (1979) in Spring-tide Pool at Carrigathorna.
Collections: NMI
Additional references: Norton, 1971; Hiscock, 1976 – Carrigathorna only; Kitching, 1987a; Bell & Shaw, 2002

CLASS ASTEROIDEA

Order Paxillosida

Luidiidae
Luidia ciliaris (Philippi, 1837)
First reported by Renouf (1931c). Renouf (1934c) reported an influx of larvae in August 1932, and a subsequent abundance of young starfish on the south shore in the following year. Divers reported seeing this species in the mud-burrow zone (-17m to -25m) (Kitching et al., 1976). Kitching & Thain (1983) recorded it in shallow water around the Island and on the south shore, and it has occurred in shallow water in occasional years between 1995 and 2013 (CL/CDT). It is most abundant at depth on sedimentary substrates. Thrush & Townsend (1986) found it widely in the South Basin at a depth of approx. 20m on mud and gravel substrates. Diet was recorded as mostly other echinoderms (Thrush, 1988), but affects on infauna were not demonstrated (Thrush 1986b, 1991). In the Laminaria forest at Carrigathorna, it was recorded at 7m and downwards (Norton et al., 1977).
Collections: NMI
Additional references: Hiscock, 1976; Kitching, 1987a; Bell & Shaw, 2002; Greenwood et al., 1999
Luidia sarsi Duben & Koren, 1846
Swarms of bipennaria larvae found by Prof. W. M. Tattersall in August 1932 in the Lough. Renouf (1934b) recorded larvae in the lough in 1932, and adults were found by dredging in Tragumna Bay (Renouf, 1931d).

Order Valvatida

Asterinidae
Asterina gibbosa (Pennant, 1777) Cushion star
Whirlpool Cliff 2000 (Bell & Turner, 2003) : Barloge Quay shore, Rapids E shore 2012 : Rapids SE shore 2013 : Castle Island SE shore, Southerns Bay shore, Codium Bay W, S11-S12 shore 2014 : Metridium Rocks, Whirlpool Cliff, Goleen Quay shore, Southerns Bay shore 2015 : Goleen Quay, Rapids SE & E, Southerns 2017 : Goleen Quay, Southerns, Codium Bay W 2018

Not distinguished from Asterina phylactica before 1979 (Emson & Crump, 1979; Cross & O’Sullivan, 1991). First recorded by Renouf (1931d) on the south shore of the lough and the Coosh. Present all round the lough but not common on the north shore (Ebling et al., 1948, 1960; Muntz et al., 1965; Kitching & Thain, 1983; Davidson et al., 2004; Davidson, 2005) and particularly abundant in Codium Bay (Sloane et al., 1961; Round et al., 1961) and on Saccorhiza polyschides in Renouf’s Bay (Norton, 1971). During visits in 1979 and 1982, Emson & Crump (1984) distinguished A. gibbosa from A. phylactica, and found A. gibbosa throughout the lough in the rocky shallow sublittoral, but not on outer shore sites. The records outside the lough (in the Bullock Island cave’s outer regions (Norton et al., 1971), at Carrigathorna (Norton et al., 1977) and in the Carrigathorna tide pools (Goss-Custard et al., 1979)) therefore probably refer to A. phylactica. No changes in distribution in the lough were detected by Little et al. (1992) between 1955 and 1991. Frequent around the lough, under boulders, 1995-2013 (CL/CDT).
Collections: NMI
Additional references: Ebling et al., 1966; Hiscock, 1976; Greenwood et al., 1999
Asterina phylactica Emson & Crump, 1979 Small cushion star
Labhra Cliff, Whirlpool Cliff, Goleen Cliff, Rapids + Southerns 2005 : Goleen Cliff 2006 : W9-10 shore 4.9.2011 : Rapids SE shore 2013 : Castle Island SE shore, Southerns Bay shore 2014 : Goleen Quay shore 2015 : Rapids SE 2017

Distinguished from A. gibbosa by Emson & Crump (1979) (see also Cross & O’Sullivan, 1991). Present all around the lough (Kitching & Thain, 1983), recorded by Davidson (2005), but found only on Island and south shores by Emson & Crump (1984). Present in tide pools at Carrigathorna and on Urchin Reef (Kitching, 1987a; Emson & Crump, 1984). Little et al. (1992) found it more abundant in the Lough in September than in July. In some years, frequent in filamentous weed at Codium Bay (CL/CDT). Distribution mainly in shallow water <2.5m, but also 6-9m Wirlpool Cliff. Found all round the Lough (Greenwood et al., 1999)

References: Greenwood et al., 1999

Order Spinulosida

Echinasteridae
Henricia oculata (Pennant, 1777)
Whirlpool Cliff 2000 (Bell & Turner, 2003)

References: (database): Greenwood et al., 1999
Henricia sanguinolenta (O.F. Müller, 1776)
Rare in the lough. First reported by Hiscock (1976). Found in shallow water in E20 (Kitching & Thain, 1983) and in I 15 in 2012 (CL/CDT). One found at a depth of 19m (Thrush & Townsend, 1986). Recorded at Carrigathorna in Laminaria forest from 9m downwards (Norton et al., 1977 ).

 Henricia sp.

 © Sarah Bowen Whirlpool Cliff 2015

labhra cliff 2005 whirlpool cliff 2005

Order Forcipulatida

Asteriidae
Stichastrella rosea (O F Müller, 1776)
References: (database)
Asterias rubens Linnaeus, 1758 Common starfish
Whirlpool Cliff 2000 (Bell & Turner, 2003) : Western Trough 2005 : Rapids SE shore 2013 : Rapids SE & E 2017

First recorded on the south shore by Renouf (1931d), although not common. In 1955, it was abundant on the west side of the Island, moderately plentiful in Barloge Creek and at Carrigathorna (Ebling et al., 1960). Further records of its presence round the lough were made by Sloane et al. (1961), Muntz et al. (1965), Kitching & Ebling (1967), Norton (1971), Kitching & Thain (1983), Davidson et al. (2004) and Davidson (2005). Shallow sublittoral populations declined between 1955 and 1990 (Little et al., 1992) and again from 1994 to 2013, so the species was rare in the shallows by 1998 (Greenwood et al., 1999), and very rare in 2013 (CL/CDT). Deeper populations were recorded by divers below 25m (Kitching et al., 1976), from 3-17m (Kitching, 1987a) and down to 30m (Thrush, 1988). In 1998 it was common at depths of 24-30m (Greenwood et al., 1999) on soft sediments. These sublittoral populations suffered their highest arm loss at Whirlpool Cliff, suggesting a link with predators (Ramsay et al., 2000). The small peak of asteroid larvae observed in the spring (Greenwood et al., 2000) may be this species. Recruitment has often been poor, but in 2000 there was an unusual pulse of intertidal recruitment, the only one observed between 1997 and 2003 (Watson & Barnes, 2004). Carrigathorna populations were recorded in Laminaria forest (Norton et al., 1977), and in low-shore tide pools (Goss-Custard et al., 1979). In 1998, it was common there at all depths (Greenwood et al., 1999).
Collections: NMI
Additional references:Thain, 1971: Greenwood et al., 1999
Marthasterias glacialis (Linnaeus, 1758) [Asterias glacialis] Spiny starfish
off north island 2005 goleen cliff 2005 west quay 2005 metridium rocks 2005 western cliff 2005 western trough 2005 north island 2005 codium bay 2005 rapids + southerns 2005 whirlpool cliff 2005 labhra cliff 2005 : goleen cliff 2006 W9-10 shore 4.9.2011 W25 shore 5.9.2011 : Gatehouse reef 2012 S of West Quay dive 2012 Goleen cliff 2012 S17 Renouf Bay shore 2012 Rapids E shore 2012 Western Cliff 2012 : S of West Quay dive 2013 Western Cliff 2013 N8 NE Lough Hyne shore 2013 N of Goleen Quay shore 2013 Goleen Cliff 2013 S of West Quay shore 2013 Gatehouse Reef 2013 Whirlpool Cliff 2013 Goleen E dive 2013 Rapids SE shore 2013 : Southerns Bay shore 2014 Codium Bay W S11-S12 shore 2014 : North Island dive 2015 West Quay dive 2015 Labhra Cliff 2015 Western Cliff 2015 Glannafeen Cliff 2015 Metridium Rocks 2015 west of Codium Bay W dive 2015 Codium Bay W dive 2015 Whirlpool Cliff 2015 Rapids dive 2015 E8-E10 shore 2015 Southerns Bay shore 2015 : Whirlpool Cliff 2000 (Bell & Turner, 2003)

This was originally recorded as the most common starfish in the lough (Renouf, 1931d, 1934c), and many subsequent records have shown that this continues to be the case, especially in shallow water (Ebling et al., 1960; Muntz et al., 1965; Greenwood et al., 1999; Davidson et al., 2004; Davidson, 2005). Mostly these are small juveniles (Minchin, 1992; Greenwood et al., 1999; Verling et al., 2003). Significant fluctuations in numbers inhabiting the shallow subtidal have occurred (Little et al. 1992; O’Sullivan & Emmerson, 2011; Trowbridge et al., 2011): numbers decreased from 1955 to 1991, then increased to a peak in 2004/5, and decreased again by 2013 (CL/CDT). Densities in the 1960s reached a maximum of 5 per square metre, and in 2010 the maximum was 40 per square metre. In deeper water, there are larger individuals, and they are common on mud and gravel down to 30m (Kitching et al., 1976; Kitching 1987a; Thrush, 1988) although not in summer when the thermocline is present (McAllen et al., 2009). Spawning inside the lough has been observed in July (Minchin, 1987b), and asteroid larvae, probably this species, are common in June to September but absent in winter (Greenwood et al., 2000).
Behaviour has been investigated widely. The species is a generalist predator in shallow water (Ebling et al., 1966; Kitching & Thain, 1983; Verling et al., 2003), but specialises in bivalves at depth (Thrush, 1988; Frid, 1992; Verling et al., 2003). It does not appear to be a significant predator of Paracentrotus lividus (Verling et al., 2005), but is itself preyed on by Cancer pagurus and Luidia ciliaris (Ramsay et al., 2005). Possibly in relation to predation, it migrates away from open surfaces at night (Bell & Turner, 2003). Outside the lough, it is rare at Carrigathorna in low-tide pools (Goss-Custard et al., 1979) and occasional in Laminaria forest (Norton et al., 1977). It does not occur in the Bullock Island cave, but is present just outside (Norton et al., 1971). Bell & Shaw, 2002 – not relevant
Collections: NMI (Southern)
Additional references: Bell & Shaw, 2002: Greenwood et al., 1999

CLASS OPHIUROIDEA

Order Ophiurida

Amphiuridae
Amphiura chiajei Forbes, 1843
An infaunal species of muddy bottoms first recorded in dredge samples by Renouf (1931d), and subsequently taken regularly in grab samples from 15 to 25mm depth in the western trough (Kitching et al., 1976). Generally common in the mud-burrow zone of the south basin (17-25m depth) (Kitching 1987a, 1991; Thrush, 1986b, 1991), emerging from the sediment when covered by anoxic water from below the thermocline (Thrush & Townsend, 1986).
Collections: NMI
Additional references: Thrush, 1985
Amphiura filiformis (O F Müller, 1776)
A single specimen taken in a grab sample at a depth of 18m in the western trough in July (Kitching et al., 1976).
Collections: NMI (JCMH)
Amphipholis squamata (Chiaje, 1829) [Amphiura elegans (Leach, 1815)]
off North Island dive, N of Goleen Quay shore, S17 Renouf Bay shore, Barloge Quay dive, Rapids SE shore 2012 : off North Island dive, N of Goleen Quay shore, Gatehouse Reef, Whirlpool Cliff, Rapids SE shore 2013 : Castle Island N shore, Southerns Bay shore 2014 : Codium Bay W dive 2015 : Goleen Cliff, N of Goleen Quay, Southerns, Codium Bay W 2016 : off North Quay, Rapids E, Southerns, Codium Bay W, Barloge Quay 2017 : Goleen Quay, off West Quay, E1-E3, off North Island, Goleen Cliff, Baroge Quay, Southerns, Codium Bay W 2018

Common in algal substrates including Corallina, Cystoseira, Ulva, Codium, Chondrus, Sacchorhiza and Himanthalia. Reported from all round the lough (Sloane et al., 1961; Norton, 1971; Kitching & Thain, 1983; Kitching, 1987c; Kitching et al., 1990; Davidson et al., 2004; Davidson, 2005). Also recorded from shell gravel at 19m depth on the slope down from the Rapids (Thrush, 1986c). Present in Barloge Creek (Renouf, 1931d; Kitching 1987c) and in Tragumna Bay (Renouf, 1931d). Common in Corallina in tide pools at Carrigathorna (Goss-Custard et al., 1979) and at 15-18m depth in Laminaria forest (Norton et al., 1977).
Additional references: Thrush, 1985; Kitching, 1987a

Ophiactidae
Ophiopholis aculeata (Linnaeus, 1767) Crevice brittlestar
Recorded on Saccorhiza polyschides at the North Rapids Quay and in Renouf’s Bay (Norton, 1971)

Ophiocomidae
Ophiocomina nigra (Abildgaard, 1789)
S17 Renouf Bay shore 2012 : N of Goleen Quay shore, Rapids SE shore 2013 : Rapids dive 2015 : Codium Bay W 2016 : Rapids SE & E 2017 : Codium Bay W 2018

Common on the south shore (Renouf, 1931d), and present on Sacchorhiza polyschides at the North Rapids Quay (Norton, 1971).
Collections: NMI

Ophiotrichidae
Ophiothrix fragilis (Abildgaard, 1789)
off E1, Whirlpool Cliff, West Quay 2005 : S17 Renouf Bay shore, Barloge Quay shore, Rapids E shore, Rapids SE shore 2012 : S of West Quay dive, Whirlpool Cliff, Barloge Quay shore, Rapids SE shore 2013 : Castle Island SE shore, Southerns Bay shore, Renouf Point S16 shore, Codium Bay W S11-S12 shore 2014 : Codium Bay W dive, Rapids dive, Goleen Quay shore 2015 : S of West Quay, Codium Bay W 2016 : West Quay, Rapids SE & E, Wstern Cliff, Barloge Quay : Goleen Quay, Southerns, Codium Bay W 2018

Found all around the lough in the shallow sublittoral (Renouf, 1931d; Kitching & Thain, 1983; Davidson, 2005). Associated with Sertularia (Round et al., 1961) and algae such as Codium, Ulva, Chondrus, Gigartina, Himanthalia and Saccorhiza in the Rapids and Barloge Creek (Renouf, 1931d; Sloane et al., 1961; Norton, 1971; Kitching, 1987c). Also in deeper water such as Whirlpool Cliff (Kitching et al., 1990) and in grab samples as deep as 47m from the western trough (Kitching et al., 1976). Present at the nmouth of Bullock Island cave (Norton et al., 1971), near the Coosh, and in Tragumna Bay (Renouf, 1931d). At Carrigathorna, present in tide pools (Goss-Custard et al., 1979) and as juveniles in small numbers in Laminaria forest down to 18m (Norton et al., 1977). Larvae have been recorded on both ebb and flood in the Rapids (Rawlinson et al., 2005b).
Collections: NMI
Additional references: Hiscock, 1976

Ophiuridae
Ophiura albida Forbes, 1839 White-flecked sand brittlestar
North Island dive 2015 : off North Quay 2017

Recorded from dredge samples in Barloge Creek and in Tragumna Bay (Renouf, 1931d).
Ophiura ophiura (Linnaeus, 1758) [Ophiura ciliaris] Sand brittlestar
References: Southern (ms notes)
Collections: NMI (Kitching)

CLASS ECHINOIDEA

Order Camarodonta

Echinidae
Echinus esculentus Linnaeus, 1766 Common sea urchin
labhra cliff 2005 whirlpool cliff 2005 : N of Goleen Quay shore 2012 Western Cliff 2012 : Western Cliff 2013 Whirlpool Cliff 2013 : Labhra Cliff 2015 Glannafeen Cliff 2015 Whirlpool Cliff 2015 : Whirlpool Cliff 2000 (Bell & Turner, 2003)

Most common on the east shore between Whirlpool Cliff and the Rapids (E19), from shallow sublittoral to deeper in beds of Laminaria (Renouf, 1931d, 1934c; Kitching & Thain, 1983), and occasional at all depths on Whirlpool Cliff (Kitching et al., 1990) where its movements were monitored by Bell & Turner (2003). Recorded in small numbers on the east shore of the Rapids (Renouf, 1931d), and previously said by Southern to be abundant there. Also recorded as far north as E1 in the shallow sublittoral (Kitching & Thain, 1983). Common on the west shore in the shallow sublittoral and on steep sublittoral rocks (Renouf, 1931d; Kitching & Thain, 1983). Occasional on the south shore in S12 to S17 (Renouf, 1931d). Surveys from 2003 to 2013 have found total numbers in the lough from 71 to 140: the majority in E19, but some on the west shore (W18-26 and 37-38), south shore and the west ern end of the Island (I14-21) (CL/CDT). Present at the mouth of Bullock Island cave (Norton et al., 1971), and on steep rocks at the mouth of Barloge Creek, north of Carrigathorna, in shallow and deep water. Found by dredging in Tragumna Bay (Renouf, 1931d). At Carrigathorna, rare from 2-3m depth but common down to 20m in Laminaria forest (Norton et al., 1977), though thinly distributed according to Kitching (1987a). Rare in tide pools (Goss-Custard et al., 1979). Echinoplutei recorded in March may belong to this species (Greenwood et al., 2000).
Additional references: Southern (ms notes); Hiscock, 1976
Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) Purple sea urchin
First recorded in the lough in 1886 by a visiting expedition of the Royal Irish Academy (Haddon & Green, 1888), and subsequently recognised as the most conspicuous animal in the lough, with densities as high as 200/m2 (Renouf, 1931d). Since that time, numbers have fluctuated widely. Ebling et al. (1960) indicated that in 1955 it was abundant all around the lough except in the Rapids. In 1962, densities ranged from 4-30/m2 around the lough (Muntz et al., 1965). Overall abundance decreased from 1955 to 1990 (Little et al., 1992) and from 1962/3 to 2010 (O’Sullivan & Emmerson, 2011), but neither of these papers recorded the intermediate fluctuations. Trowbridge et al. (2011) showed that prior to the low numbers in 2010, there was a considerable peak in the late 1990s.
It is clear that populations in the South and North Basins have shown substantial differences in their fluctuations. In the South Basin, Paracentrotus was not sufficiently abundant in 1963 to create any cleared 'graze' patches in shallow sublittoral algal bush (Ebling et al., 1966). Then in 1964, the visible population in the South Basin suddenly increased to an estimated 10,000. This large population continued until 1971, when it began to decline (Kitching, 1987a), reaching a minimum in 1975. A further increase in the South Basin population occurred in 1978 and 1979, and then this gradually declined again until 1985 ((Kitching, 1987a). There was then a further decline to an even lower level in 2000 (Barnes et al., 2001). Barnes et al. (2002) reported that Paracentrotus was no longer present in the South Basin in 2000 and 2001, but observations by CL/CDT showed there were then in fact substantial populations under rocks. These populations suffered further decline until 2013 (CL/CDT).
In the North Basin, fluctuations in population density have not followed those in the South Basin. From 1946 to 1979, there were almost continuous graze patches around the North Basin except where the bottom is soft (Kitching & Thain, 1983). The most extensive beds of urchins in the North Basin in 1959 occurred along the north shore and in Curlew Bay on the north shore of the Island (Kitching & Ebling, 1961). However, in 1990/1991, there were no urchins visible on the surface of rocks in the North Basin (Little et al., 1992). A census from 1998 to 2013 showed that on the north shore numbers were very low in the 1990s, but peaked in 2000, then gradually declined again to reach a new very low level in 2013 (Trowbridge et al., 2011; CL/CDT).
Distribution outside the lough itself consists only of isolated individuals in Southern’s Bay and on Urchin Reef (Ebling et al., 1960) and rare individuals in the tide pools at Carrigathorna (Goss-Custard et al., 1979).
There is considerable confusion concerning the changes in size-frequency of the populations in the Lough. Barnes et al. (1999) reported differences in size-frequency of the population between the North and South Basins. In 1995 and 1998, there were more older individuals on the north shore than on the south shore (though beware mis-labelling of figures and tables confusing north and south in this paper). However, Barnes & Crook (2001) reported that individuals in the South Basin were larger than those in the North. Verling et al. (2005) suggested that the proportion of adults increased between 1977 and 1995, but they compared South Basin (in 1977) and North Basin (in 1995) populations (see mislabelled figure). Around the lough, the recorded proportion of recruits in the population remained between 7 and 30% from 1996 to 2009, but fell to zero in 2011 to 2013 (CL/CDT). Growth rates in the Lough have been reported by Kitching & Thain (1983) as of the order of 10mm in test diameter per year for the first 3-4 years.
Many workers have described aspects of Paracentrotus behaviour and biology in the lough. Its effects as a grazer have been discussed by Kitching & Ebling (1961), Kitching (1987a, 1987b), Norton (1978c) and Kitching & Thain (1983). The effects of predators such as crabs and starfish have been discussed by Muntz et al.(1965), Kitching & Ebling (1967), Kitching (1987b) and Verling et al. (2005). Migration to the top of boulders in the daytime has been described by Ebling et al. (1966), Kitching (1987a), Barnes & Crook (2001a, 2001b). Covering behaviour, in which urchins use materials such as Anomia shells as 'hats' has been investigated by Barnes & Crook (2001b), Crook & Barnes (2001), Crook (2003) and Verling et al. (2002). The position of Paracentrotus within shallow-water food webs has been discussed and examined experimentally by O’Gorman & Emmerson (2009) and O’Gorman et al. (2010). Causes of recent population declines have been discussed by O’Sullivan & Emmerson (2011) and Trowbridge et al. (2011).

Rapids SE shore 2012 : Codium Bay W 2017 : West Quay, Codium Bay W 2018
Collections: NMI (Southern
Additional references: Praeger, 1937; Costello & Myers, 1987; Picton, 1986, 1993 (figured); Minchin, 1993b

Parechinidae
Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin, 1778) [Echinus miliaris] Green or Shore sea urchin
W25 shore 5.9.2011 : Barloge Quay shore, Rapids E shore, Rapids SE shore 2012 : Barloge Quay shore, Rapids SE shore 2013 : Castle Island N shore, Southerns Bay shore 2014 : Rapids SE 2017

Not common, but occurs in a few places where Paracentrotus lividus is scarce (Renouf, 1931d). Recorded in Renouf’s Bay, on Saccorhiza (Norton, 1971). In a survey of 10 sites from 1994 to 2013, found as scattered individuals around the lough in both North and South Basins only in 1995, 1996, 2003 and 2012 (CL/CDT). Recorded as abundant outside the lough, especially on the east side of the Coosh (Renouf, 1931d). Present at Carrigathorna in Laminaria forest at 3 and 15m depth (Norton et al., 1977).
Collections: NMI (Southern)
Additional references: Hiscock, 1976

Order Clypeasteroida

Echinocyamidae
Echinocyamus pusillus (O F Müller, 1776)
Collections: NMI (Minchin)

Order Spatangoida

Loveniidae
Echinocardium cordatum (Pennant, 1777)
Recorded in the South Basin on mud substrates in 1982/3 (Thrush, ??1985; 1991)

CLASS HOLOTHURIOIDEA

Order Aspidochirotida

Holothuriidae
Holothuria forskali Chiaje, 1841 Cotton spinner
A single large specimen on Cystoseira at the east end of the Island (Renouf, 1939), and another from the lower Fucus zone on an islet at the mouth of Barloge Creek (Renouf, 1934c). Also reported by Norton et al. (1977) from Carrigathorna at 18 and 20m in Laminarian forest, and on an offshore reef.
Collections: NMI
Additional references: Renouf, 1931d; Kitching, 1987a

Order Dendrochirotida

Sclerodactylidae
Aslia lefevrei (Barrois, 1882) [Cucumaria normanni sic; Cucumaria normani Pace, 1904] Brown crevice sea cucumber
Common in Laminaria forest at Carrigathorna from 9m downwards (Hiscock, 1976; Norton et al., 1977).
Leptopentacta elongata (Duben & Koren, 1845) [Trachythyone elongata]
A single individual recorded from the Western Trough at 20m depth (Kitching et al., 1976).
Collections: NMI (Kitching)
Ocnus planci (Brandt, 1835)
Barloge Creek shore 23.7.2013 – JDN
Pawsonia saxicola (Brady & Robertson, 1871) [Cucumaria saxicola] White crevice sea cucumber
S17 Renouf Bay shore, Rapids E shore 2012 : Rapids SE shore 2013 : E1-E2 shore, Castle Island SE shore, Southerns Bay shore 2014 : Southerns Bay shore 2015 : E1-E3, Codium Bay W 2018

Recorded from the south shore of the Lough and from Tragumna Bay by Renouf (1931d). Present on the south shore (S6) and the east shore (E10, E12) (Kitching & Thain, 1983).
Collections: NMI
Thyone sp.
First recorded from west of Codium Bay on 23.8.2015 by JDN (Lough Hyne Expedition).

Order Apodida

Synaptidae
Leptosynapta minuta (Becher, 1906)
Collections: NMI (JMCH)
Rhabdomolgus ruber Keferstein, 1862
Found in grab samples from subtidal sedimentary sites within the Lough (Broszeit et al., 2010).



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