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This section should be cited as:

LITTLE, C. 2014. The Tunicata of Lough Hyne, Co. Cork. In: Nunn, J.D. & Little, C. (eds) The Flora and Fauna of Lough Hyne Co. Cork. Available from http://www.ccmap.co.uk/index_lough_hyne.htm. Accessed [date viewed]

CL/CDT indicates unpublished records by Little & Trowbridge.


CLASS ASCIDIACEA

Order Aplousobranchia

Clavelinidae
Clavelina lepadiformis (O F Müller, 1776) Light bulb sea squirt
Western Cliff 1993 : Western Cliff 1993 (BioMar) : Lab Beach, Whirlpool Cliff, E side Rapids 1994 (BioMar) : W9-10 shore, W25 shore 2011 : Barloge Quay shore, Rapids E shore, Goleen Quay 2015 : Goleen Cliff, Western Cliff, S of West Quay, Barloge Quay, Southerns Bay, Codium Bay W 2016 : Goleen Quay, Rapids SE & E, Southerns Bay, Barloge Quay 2017 : Barloge Quay, Southerns 2018

Reported by Renouf (1931d) on the south shore. In a survey of 10 sites round the lough from 1994 to 2013, scattered groups found occasionally all around the lough under rocks in shallow water (CL/CDT). Outside the lough, reported and on the east side of the Coosh (Renouf, 1931d). At Carrigathorna, found as scattered groups from 9 to 18m depth in Laminaria forest. Estimated at 10-50/m2 at 16m depth (Norton, 1977).
Collections: NMI (Kitching)
Distaplia rosea della Valle, 1881 [Distalpia rosacea sic]
Present on vertical faces of some cliffs at 5-10m depth (Hiscock, 1976; Picton, 1991). Lab beach, Whirlpool Cliff 1994 (BioMar) : Goleen Clliff, Codium Bay W, Labhra Cliff 2015

Didemnidae
Aplidium glabrum (Verrill, 1871)
First recorded on the shore at Southern's Bay 7.9.2017 (JDN). Southerns 2018.
Aplidium pallidum (Verrill, 1871) [Aplidium zostericola Giard, 1872]
Glannafeen Cliff 2015

Recorded by Renouf (1931d) on the south shore. Present on tops and bottoms of boulders at the head of the Rapids in Codium Bay, Renouf’s Bay and the Harbour (Lilly et al., 1953; Norton, 1971; Kitching & Thain, 1983). On buttons of Himanthalia elongata below the Rapids in Holly Creek (Kitching, 1987c). In Carrigathorna Cove (Norton, 1971).
Aplidium proliferum (Milne-Edwards, 1841) [Amouricium proliferum]
Recorded by Renouf (1931d) on the south shore, and in Renouf’s Bay and the Rapids by Lilly et al. (1953). Present in tide pools at Carrigathorna (Goss-Custard et al., 1979).
Aplidium punctum (Giard, 1873) Club head sea squirt
Glannafeen Cliff 1990: Whirlpool Cliff, Western Cliff, South shore 1993 (BioMar): Labhra Cliff, Lab Beach, Whirlpool Cliff 1994: Goleen Cliff 2015

Recorded from Whirlpool Cliff at 0.5m depth (Kitching et al., 1990).
Collections: NMI
Aplidium turbinatum (Savigny, 1816) [Parascidia flemingii Alder & Hancock, 1912; Sidnyum turbinatum]
W side Barloge Creek, E side Rapids 1993 (BioMar) : S of West Quay, Southerns Bay, Codium Bay W 2016 : Goleen Quay, Southerns, Codium Bay W 2018

Recorded on the south shore by Renouf (1931d). Present in the Rapids, above the Rapids at the Harbour, and below the Rapids at the Poleen (Lilly et al., 1953). Found on Cladostephus and Polyneura in Renouf’s Bay (Sloane et al., 1961). Reported on Himanthalia buttons at Nita’s Rock (Kitching, 1987c). Possibly this species recorded as scattered colonies all around the lough on the bottom of shallow sublittoral rocks in a survey of 10 sites from 1994 to 2013 (CL/CDT).
Collections: NMI
Didemnum fulgens (Milne-Edwards, 1841) [Leptoclinum fulgens]

 © Sarah Bowen Whirlpool Cliff 2015
  Depth range:
  Collections:

Recorded on the south shore (Renouf, 1931d). Recorded more recently only by D. Kipling and S. Bowen on 23.8.2015 at Codium Bay west and 28.8.2015 from Whirlpool Cliff.


Didemnum maculosum (Milne-Edwards, 1841) [Leptoclinum maculosum; Didemnum durum Milne-Edwards, 1841]
Lab Beach, Whirlpool Cliff 1994 (BioMar): Southerns Bay shore 2014 : Metridium Rocks, Gannafeen Cliff 2015 : Southerns Bay 2016 : Barloge Quay 2017 : Barloge Quay, Southerns 2018

Recorded on the south shore (Renouf, 1931d). Throughout the Rapids, and both above it in Codium Bay and Renouf’s Bay, and below it at Nita’s Rock and the Polen (Lilly et al., 1953; Sloane et al., 1961), with no obvious preference for current or shelter (Kitching & Ebling, 1967). Recorded from Whirlpool Cliff at a depth of 0.3m by Kitching et al. (1990), by Maughan & Barnes (2000a)(without details of locality), and possibly this species by Maughan & Barnes (2000c).
Collections: NMI
Diplosoma listerianum (Milne-Edwards, 1841) [Leptoclinum gelatinosum Milne-Edwards, 1841] Grey slime sea squirt
Western Cliff 1993 (BioMar): Lab Beach, Whirlpool Cliff 1994 (BioMar)

A species, possibly this one, recorded from S of West Quay dive, Western Cliff, off North Island dive, N of Goleen Quay shore, Goleen Cliff, Whirlpool Cliff, Goleen E dive 2013 : Castle Island N & SE shores, Southerns Bay shore, Renouf Point S16 shore, Codium Bay W shore 2014 : Goleen Cliff 2015 : Codium Bay W 2016 : Rapids E, Codiium Bay W, Western Cliff, Barloge Quay 2017 : E1-E3, Codium Bay W 2018

Recorded by Renouf (1931d) on the south shore. Present in Codium Bay, Renouf’s Bay, the Rapids, Nita’s Rock and the Poleen on boulders (Lilly et al., 1953) and on algae, especially Codium and Corallina (Sloane et al., 1961). Also in the Rapids on Himanthalia buttons (Kitching, 1987c). In N2, N9 and E20, recorded on Saccharina latissima (Kitching & Thain, 1983). At Whirlpool Cliff, it was found at a depth of 0.3m (Kitching et al., 1990). Recorded at Carrigathorna in Laminaria forest at depths from 1-9m (Norton et al., 1977).
Collections: NMI

Additional references: Hiscock, 1976
Diplosoma spongiforme (Giard, 1872) Sponge sea squirt

 © Sarah Bowen Labhra Cliff 2015
  Depth range:
  Collections:

On Labhra, Western & Goleen Cliffs (Picton, 1991). Whirlpool Cliff, South shore 1993 (BioMar) : Castle Island SE 2014 : Goleen Cliff, Labhra Cliff, Codium Bay W, Glannafeen Cliff 2015 : Goleen Cliff, Western Cliff 2017

Lissoclinum perforatum (Giard, 1872) White perforated sea squirt
First recorded from the east side of the Rapids on 26.4.1994 by C. Emblow and E. Sides (BioMar).

Polysyncraton bilobatum Lafargue, 1968
First recorded from Goleen Clif and west of Codium Bay in August 2015 by D. Kipling and S. Bowen (Lough Hyne Expedition). Western Cliff, Southerns 2018
Trididemnum alleni Berrill, 1947
On Codium and Chondrus in the Rapids (Sloane et al., 1961).
Trididemnum cereum (Giard, 1872) [Leptoclinum griseum Alder & Hancock; Trididemnum niveum (Giard, 1872)]

 © Sarah Bowen Metridium Rocks 2015
  Depth range:
  Collections: NMI

Recorded on the south shore (Renouf, 1931d). Metridum Rocks, Rapids 2015

Trididemnum tenerum (Verrill, 1871)
Recorded only in the Rapids. On the bottom of stones (Lilly et al., 1953); on Ulva, Codium and Rhodymenia (Sloane et al., 1961); and on Himanthalia buttons (Kitching, 1987c).

Polyclinidae
Morchellium argus (Milne-Edwards, 1841) Four-spotted squirt
Rapids 1978 (van Soest & Weinberg) : Whirlpool Cliff 1994 (BioMar) : Codium Bay 2005 : Goleen Cliff, Western Cliff, Codium Bay W, Labhra Cliff, west of Codium Bay W, Glannafeen Cliff 2015 : Southerns Bay, Codium Bay W 2016 : Rapids SE, Southerns Bay, Barloge Quay 2017 : Southerns 2018

Recorded in the Rapids and below the Rapids at the Poleen, Nita’s Rock and Eddy Creek on boulders by Lilly et al. (1953) and on Codium by Sloane et al. (1961). Present in substantial numbers on rocks on the east shore of the North Basin and on the north shore of the Island: recorded in N9, E2,6,7,10,12, S3, W18, Island 2,6,8,17 (Kitching & Thain, 1983). Present on Western, Labhra and Goleen Cliffs (Picton, 1991).
Collections: NMI
Additional references: Wood, 1988 (figured)
Polyclinum aurantium Milne-Edwards, 1841
Collected by divers on land-plant debris in the Western Trough at an undefined depth (Kitching et al., 1976). Reported on Himanthalia buttons in the Rapids (Kitching, 1987c). Present at Carrigathorna in Laminaria forest at depths of 1 and 3m (Norton et al., 1977).
Collections: NMI
Additional references: Hiscock, 1976 (Carrigathorna)
Sidnyum elegans (Giard, 1872)
References: Hiscock, 1976

Order Phlebobranchia

Ascidiidae
Ascidia conchilega O F Müller, 1776 [Ascidia producta Alder & Hancock, 1912]
W side Barloge Creek 1994 (BioMar): W25 shore 5.9.2011 : N of Goleen Quay shore, S17 Renouf Bay shore 2012 : Barloge Quay shore, Rapids E shore 2013 : Castle Island SE shore, Southerns Bay shore, Codium Bay W shore 2014 : Codium Bay W, Glannafeen Cliff 2015 : N of Goleen Quay, Southerns Bay, Codium Bay W 2016: Goleen Quay, Southerns Bay, Codium Bay W 2017 : Goleen Quuay, West Quay,, E1-E3, Codium Bay W, Southerns 2018

Recorded on the south shore and on the east side of the Coosh by Renouf (1931d). In the Rapids on the bottom of rocks, and on Ulva and Codium (Lilly et al., 1953; Sloane et al., 1961). One specimen recorded in N2 by Kitching & Thain (1983).
Ascidia mentula O F Müller, 1776 [Phallusia mentula] Red sea squirt
Whirlpool Cliff 1978 (van Soest & Weinberg): Labhra Cliff, Whirlpool Cliff, Goleen Cliff, Western Cliff 1990 : Labhra Cliff 1992 : Codium Bay W, Labhra Cliff, Glannafeen Cliff, Whirlpool Cliff, Renouf Point, Goleen Cliff, Western Cliff 1993 : Whirlpool Cliff, Western Cliff, South shore 1993 (BioMar): Labhra Cliff, Lab Beach, Whirlpool Cliff E side of Rapids 1994 (BioMar) : Goleen Cliff 2006 : W25 shore 2011 : Western Cliff, N of Goleen Quay shore, S17 Renouf Bay shore 2012 : Western Cliff, N of Goleen Quay shore, Goleen Cliff 2013 : Southerns Bay shore, Codium Bay W shore 2014 : Goleen Cliff, Codium Bay W, Labhra Cliff, Glannafeen Cliff, North Island 2015 : N of Goleen Quay, S of West Quay, Codium Bay W 2016 : Goleen Cliff, Goleen Quay, Southerns Bay, Codium Bay W, Western Cliff 2017 : Goleen Quay, off West Quay, Gollen Clliff, Westtern Cliff, Southerns, Codium Bay W 2018

Recorded on the south shore (Renouf, 1931d). In the Rapids at Eddy Creek and Nita’s Rock, and in Codium Bay and the Poleen (Lilly et al., 1953). Recorded on Labhra, Western and Goleen Cliffs (Picton, 1991). In a survey from 1994 to 2013, common on shallow sublittoral rocks all round the South Basin, especially on the west shore, including the monitoring sites of Graveyard, Westwood South, Boundary Bay, SE Labhra, East Castle, Codium Bay and East Goleen (CL/CDT). Recorded at Carrigathorna in Laminaria forest at 20m depth (Norton et al., 1977).
Collections: NMI
Ascidia virginea O F Müller, 1776 [Phallusia virginea] Pink edged sea squirt
Recorded by Renouf (1931d) on the south shore, and by Sloane et al. (1961) in Renouf’s Bay on Codium. Goleen Cliff 2015
Ascidiella aspersa (O F Müller, 1776) Fluted sea squirt
Western Cliff, SE Castle Island 1993 (BioMar) : Labhra Cliff, Lab Beach, Whirlpool Cliff 1994 (BioMar) : W9-10 shore, N of Goleen Quay 2011 : Rapids SE shore 2012 : S of West Quay dive 2013 : N of Goleen Quay shore 2014 : Labhra Cliff, Glannafeen Cliff 2015 : off N Quay, off West Quay 2016 : West Quay dive, North Quay dive, Western Cliff 2017

Recorded on the south shore (Renouf, 1931d; Costello & Myers, 1987), and in Renouf’s Bay and at the top of the Rapids on Ulva, Cladostephus and Rhodymenia (Sloane et al., 1961) and Saccorhiza (Norton, 1971). Present in E20 and W23-24 (Kitching & Thain, 1983). Recorded sublittorally at Whirlpool Cliff (Kitching et al., 1990) and Western, Labhra and Goleen Cliffs (Picton, 1991), and on land-plant debris in the Western Trough (Kitching et al., 1976). Recorded below the Rapids at Nita’s Rock on Himanthalia buttons (Kitching, 1987c).
Collections: NMI
Additional references: Hiscock, 1976
Ascidiella scabra (O F Müller, 1776)
Whirlpool Cliff, off Renouf Point 1978 (van Soest & Weinberg) : Western Trough, Western Cliff, Codium Bay W dive 1990 : Labhra Cliff 1992 : Codium Bay W dive, Whirlpool Cliff, Glannafeen Cliff, Western Cliff, Goleen Cliff 1993 : Whirlpool Cliff, Western Cliff 1993 (BioMar) : Whirlpool Cliff, W side Barloge Creek, E side of Rappids 1994 (BioMar) : W25 shore 2011 : N of Goleen Quay shore, S17 Renouf Bay shore, Rapids E shore, Rapids SE shore 2012 : S of West Quay dive, N of Goleen Quay shore, Barloge Quay shore, Goleen E dive 2013 : N of Goleen Quay shore, E1-E2 shore, Castle Island N & SE shores, Southerns Bay shore, Renouf Point S16 shore 2014 : Goleen Cliff, Western Cliff, Codium Bay W, Metridium Rocks, Labhra Cliff, Glanafeen Cliff, Goleen Quay, East shore, Whirlpool Cliff, Southerns Bay 2015 : N of Goleen Quay, S of West Quay, Barloge Quay, Southerns Bay, Codium Bay W 2016 : West Quay, North Quay dive, Goleen Quay, Rapids E & SE, Southerns Bay, Codium Bay W, Barloge Quay 2017 : Goleen Quay, West Quay, E1-E3, Southerns 2018

Recorded by Sloane et al. (1961) at Codium Bay, Renouf’s Bay and Nita’s Rock on Ulva, Codium and Polyneura, and referred to by Maughan & Barnes (2000a).

Cionidae
Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767) [Ciona sociabilis (Gunnerus, 1765)] Yellow rimmed sea squirt
Western Cliff, South Shore 1993 (BioMar) : W9-10 shore, W25 shore 2011 : S17 Renouf Bay shore, Rapids E shore 2012 : Western Cliff, Rapids SE shore 2013 : N of Goleen Quay shore, E1-E2 shore, Castle Island N shore, Southerns Bay shore, Codium Bay W shore 2014 : North Island dive, Goleen Cliff, Western Cliff, Codium Bay W, Metridium Rcks, Labhra Cliff, Glannafeen Cliff, Goleen Quay, Southerns Bay 2015 : N of Goleen Quay, S of West Quay, Barloge Quay, Southerns Bay, Codium Bay W 2016 : West Quay, E1-E3, Goleen Quay, Southerns Bay, Codium Bay W, Barloge Quay 2017

Recorded by Renouf (1931d) on the south shore, and from N2, N7 and E6 by Kitching & Thain (1983). Seen by divers on land-plant debris in the Western trough, no depth given (Kitching et al., 1976).
Collections: NMI

Corellidae
Corella eumyota Traustedt, 1882 Orange tipped sea squirt
One specimen, S16-17 Renouf Bay 17.7.2012, two specimens north of Goleen Quay 17.7.2013 and seen there every year to 2017 (JDN). One specimen Barloge Quay shore 23.7.2013, and again in 2016, and Codium Bay W 2016 : Goleen Quay, Codium Bay W 2018
Corella parallelogramma (O F Müller, 1776) Gas mantle sea squirt
First recorded from the east Whirlpool Cliff on 24.11.1993 by C. Emblow and E. Sides (BioMar). Codium Bay W 2015.

Perophoridae
Perophora listeri Weigman, 1835
First recorded from west of Codium Bay on 23.8.2015 by D. Kipling and S. Bowen (Lough Hyne Expedition).

Order Stolidobranchia

Molgulidae
Molgula complanata Alder & Hancock, 1870
First recorded from Whirlpool Cliff on 27.8.2015 by D. Kipling and S. Bowen (Lough Hyne Expedition). A Molgula species was also seen Codium Bay W 2015.

Pyuridae
Pyura microcosmus (Savigny, 1816)
Recorded by Lilly et al. (1953) on the bottoms of boulders in Eddy Creek at the lower end of the Rapids. Goleen Cliff 2015 : Wstern Cliff, Southerns, Codium Bay W 2018
Collections: NMI (JMCH)
Pyura squamulosa (Alder, 1863) [Cynthia squamulosa]
Recorded on the south shore by Renouf (1931d), by Kitching & Thain (1983) in N2 (2 specimens), and east of Whirlpool Cliff on 24.11.1993 by C. Emblow and E. Sides (BioMar). N of Goleen Quay 2011 : off North Island 2012 : W of North Quay 2013 : Castle Islands SE & N, Codium Bay W 2014 : N of Goleen Quay, S of West Quay, Codium Bay W 2016 : West Quay, Goleen Quay, Codium Bay W, Barloge Quay 2017 : Goleen Quay, West Quay, E1-E3, Codium Bay W 2018
Pyura tessellata (Forbes, 1848)
First recorded from the west end of Castle Island in 16.11.2008 (unknown). Codium Bay W 2015

Styelidae
Botrylloides leachi (Savigny, 1816) [Botrylloides rubrum Milne-Edwards, 1841]
Whirlpool Cliff 1993 (BioMMar) : S of West Quay 2011 : S17 Renouf Bay shore, Rapids E shore 2012 : Rapids SE shore 2013 : Southerns Bay shore 2014 : S of West Quay, Southerns Bay 2016 : Codium Bay W 2017

Recorded on the south shore by Renouf (1931d). At the top of the Rapids, near the Harbour and in Renouf’s Bay, and at the bottom of the Rapids at the Poleen and Nita’s Rock (Lilly et al., 1953; Norton et al., 1971). Present on Himanthalia buttons in the Rapids (Kitching, 1987c). Present on the north shore (N6/7, N9) and the east shore (E7, E19) (Kitching & Thain, 1983; Kitching, 1987c) including Whirlpool Cliff at 0.3 and 0.5m (Kitching et al., 1990). Penetrates 7m into Bullock Island Cave (Norton et al., 1971). At Carrigathorna, found on Himanthalia buttons in tide pools (Kitching, 1987c). Also in Laminaria forest and on Laminaria holdfasts (Norton et al., 1977).
Collections: NMI
Additional references: Norton, 1971
Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766) Star sea squirt
Whirlpool Cliff, off Renouf Point 1978 (van Soest & Weinberg) : Lab Beach, Whirlpool Cliff, W side Barloge Creek, E side Rapids 1994 (BioMar) : Rapids E shore, Rapids SE shore 2012 : Rapids E shore 2013 : Rapids E & SE, Southerns Bay 2017

Recorded by Renouf (1931d) on the south shore. On boulders in the Rapids, above the Rapids in Renouf’s Bay and below at Nita’s Rock (Lilly et al., 1953; Sloane et al., 1961). On Saccorhiza in Renouf’s Bay (Norton, 1971) and on Himanthalia buttons in the Rapids and at Nita’s Rock (Kitching, 1987c). Present in E20 (Kitching & Thain, 1983) and recorded without locality by Maughan & Barnes (2000a). Recorded on the east side of the Coosh (Renouf 1931d) and at Carrigathorna Cove (Norton, 1971) and penetrating 7m into the Bullock Island cave (Norton et al., 1971). At Carrigathorna, common in Laminaria forest down to 4m, and on holdfasts at 3m (Norton et al., 1977). In tide pools: 1 colony in Main Pool (Goss-Custard et al., 1979) and on Himanthalia buttons in Long Pool (Kitching, 1987c).
Collections: NMI
Dendrodoa grossularia (van Beneden, 1846) Gooseberry sea squirt
Gatehouse Reef dive 2012 : Southerns Bay 2015

Recorded on the south shore (Renouf, 1931d).
Polycarpa pomaria (Savigny, 1816)
Castle Island SE & N, Codium Bay W 2014 : West Quay 2017
Polycarpa scuba Monniot, 1970 Teapot sea squirt
Probably this species [pers. comm. J. Bishop], orignally recorded from the south shore as Styela rustica Linnaeus, 1767 by Renouf (1931d)

CLASS APPENDICULARIA

Order Copelata

Fritillaridae
Fritillaria borealis Lohmann, 1896
Recorded in April from 5-37.5m in the Western Trough (Thain et al., 1981).
Collections: NMI (Kitching)

Oikopleuridae
Oikopleura dioica Fol, 1872
Recorded in the Western Trough in April, July and September from 5-37.5m, commonest at 10-15m (Thain et al., 1981), the distribution being related to the thermocline (Kitching, 1987a). Also found in a Light-trap (JMCH), locality unknown.
Collections: NMI (Kitching)



Copyright © Julia Nunn